Mohammed Suleman

  DETERMINERS Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear what the noun refers to. INDEFINITE ARTICLES Use ‘a’ when the next word starts with a consonant, or before words starting in ‘u’ and ‘eu’ when they sound like ‘you’ . Use ‘an’ when the next word starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) or with a mute ‘h’ . Examples: An apple A ball A cat An elephant A European A unit An hour   THE DEFINITE ARTICLE Nouns in English are preceded by the definite article when the speaker believes that the listener already knows what he/she is referring to   Use ‘the’ to refer to something which has already been mentioned: -           I saw a fruit seller near my school. The fruit seller was very old and weak.   Use ‘the’ when you assume there is just one of something in that place, even if it has not been mentioned before: -           ...

  Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement Subjects and verbs must agree with each other in number for a sentence to make sense. 1. Subjects and verbs must agree in number. The  dog  is barking. The  dogs  are barking. 2. Subordinate clauses that come between the subject and verb don't affect their agreement. The boy, who is smoking,  is  usually very good. 3. Prepositional phrases between the subject and verb usually do not affect agreement. The  colors  of the rainbow  are  beautiful. 4. When sentences start with "there" or "here," the subject will always be placed after the verb. There  is  a mistake in your answers. Here  are  the  papers  you requested. 5. Subjects don't always come before verbs in questions. Make sure you accurately identify the subject before deciding on the proper verb form to use. Where  are  the...

REPORTED SPEECH Following changes are made while changing a sentence in direct speech into indirect speech: 1. Change in reporting verb: Affirmative sentences: said, told, replied, informed, assumed, asserted, assured etc. Interrogative sentences: asked, enquired, demanded, wanted to know Imperative sentences: asked, ordered, commanded, advised, demanded, pleaded, threatened, implored, begged, wished, cursed, blessed etc. 2. Change of pronoun depends upon the subject of the reporting verb. (a) First person pronouns in the direct speech change according to the subject of the reporting verb in the indirect speech. Direct: He said, ”I’m going to Singapore”. Indirect: He said that he was going to Singapore. Direct: I said to him,” I am busy”. Indirect: I told him that I was busy. (b) Second person pronouns in the direct speech change according to the object of the reporting verb in the indirect speech. Direct: He said to me,” You have to join me”. Indirect: He t...